Smart farming for marginal farmers: implementing IoT-based irrigation systems through community workshops

Matsaini

Authors

Matsaini Universitas Madura Author

Keywords:

community empowerment, IoT irrigation, marginal farmers, smart farming, water efficiency

Abstract

Background: This community service addresses persistent water inefficiency and technological exclusion among marginal farmers in rain-fed agricultural areas of East Java. Objective: The program aimed to enhance farmers’ capacity to adopt and operate simple IoT-based irrigation systems through participatory workshops and field mentoring. Method: A participatory approach was implemented, combining planning, hands-on training, demonstration plots, and continuous mentoring with monitoring and evaluation. Results: The program led to reduced irrigation frequency and water use, improved crop uniformity, and increased farmer autonomy, alongside gains in technological understanding and shifts toward data-driven irrigation decisions, supported by collective learning and institutional engagement. Implication: These findings suggest that affordable, community-based smart farming interventions can improve resource efficiency and strengthen technological inclusion among marginal farmers. Novelty: The program introduces an adaptive IoT-based irrigation model that integrates low-cost technology, participatory learning, and shared governance as a scalable approach for sustainable agriculture in resource-constrained settings.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] D. Balamurali et al., “A solar-powered, internet of things (IoT)-controlled water irrigation system supported by rainfall forecasts utilizing aerosols: a review,” Environment, Development and Sustainability, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10668-024-05953-z.

[2] F. Fuentes-Peñailillo, K. Gutter, R. Vega, and G. C. Silva, “Transformative Technologies in Digital Agriculture: Leveraging Internet of Things, Remote Sensing, and Artificial Intelligence for Smart Crop Management,” J. Sens. Actuator Networks, vol. 13, p. 39, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.3390/jsan13040039.

[3] H. Ning et al., “Cyberology: Cyber–physical–social-thinking spaces-based discipline and interdiscipline hierarchy for metaverse (general cyberspace),” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 4420–4430, 2022.

[4] K. Obaideen et al., “AN OVERVIEW OF SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS USING IOT,” Energy Nexus, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100124.

[5] B. C. Babu, P. Venu, V. Kumar, Y. Jhansi, and K. Geethanjali, “Design and Development of an IoT Based Smart Irrigation System in Agriculture Fields,” International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.38124/ijisrt/25apr1035.

[6] A. Singh, “IOT Based Irrigation System,” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, May 2025, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2025.70691.

[7] S. Z. Islam et al., “Sustainable Smart Irrigation System (SIS) using solar PV with rainwater harvesting technique for indoor plants,” PLOS One, vol. 20, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316911.

[8] K. M. Anderson, K. Y. Morgan, M. L. McCormick, N. N. Robbins, S. E. Curry-Johnson, and B. D. Christens, “Participatory mapping of holistic youth well-being: A mixed methods study,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 1559, 2024.

[9] R. Crabtree and D. Sapp, “Technical Communication, Participatory Action Research, and Global Civic Engagement,” Reflections: A Journal of Community-Engaged Writing and Rhetoric, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.59236/rjv4i2pp9-33.

[10] G. Saha, F. Shahrin, F. H. Khan, M. M. Meshkat, and A. A. M. Azad, “Smart IoT-driven precision agriculture: Land mapping, crop prediction, and irrigation system,” PLOS One, vol. 20, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319268.

[11] R. Benameur, A. Dahane, B. Kechar, and A. Benyamina, “An Innovative Smart and Sustainable Low-Cost Irrigation System for Anomaly Detection Using Deep Learning,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 24, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.3390/s24041162.

[12] G. Idoje, T. Dagiuklas, and M. Iqbal, “Survey for smart farming technologies: Challenges and issues,” Comput. Electr. Eng., vol. 92, p. 107104, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107104.

[13] S. Ismaili, F. Idrizi, A. Rustemi, M. Ibraimi, and H. Idrizi, “IoT-Based Irrigation System for Smart Agriculture,” 2024 XXXIII International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET), pp. 1–6, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1109/et63133.2024.10721573.

[14] H. S. I. Gamage, “IDENTITY POLITICS AND THE SELF-IDENTITY CRISIS: ANALYSING THE POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN AFRICA’S INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS,” African And Global Issues Quarterly, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.69778/2710-0073/2025/5.1/a5.

[15] R. Kaur, D. Nehra, and K. Bhushanwar, “Enhancing Sustainability, Climate Resilience, and Resource Efficiency with IoT-Based Precision Agriculture,” International Journal of Research and Review in Applied Science, Humanities, and Technology, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.71143/7db36796.

[16] Tamilkumar, T. Baranidharan, and S. Kumar, “IoT-Driven Smart Irrigation System for Optimizing Water Use in Agriculture,” 2025 7th International Conference on Inventive Material Science and Applications (ICIMA), pp. 818–823, May 2025, doi: 10.1109/icima64861.2025.11073844.

[17] S. Qazi, B. Khawaja, and Q. Farooq, “IoT-Equipped and AI-Enabled Next Generation Smart Agriculture: A Critical Review, Current Challenges and Future Trends,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 21219–21235, 2022, doi: 10.1109/access.2022.3152544.

[18] E. S. Mohamed, A. Belal, S. K. Abd-Elmabod, M. El-Shirbeny, A. Gad, and M. Zahran, “Smart farming for improving agricultural management,” The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ejrs.2021.08.007.

[19] A. Azizi, B. Himmat, and J. Danish, “Transforming Rural Communities through IoT: Socio-Digital Challenges and Opportunities in Afghan Agriculture,” APLIKATIF: Journal of Research Trends in Social Sciences and Humanities, May 2025, doi: 10.59110/aplikatif.v4i2.618.

[20] G. Gamage and R. Rathnayaka, “The Role of IoT in Agriculture in Sri Lankan Context: A Comprehensive Review,” Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.4038/java.v8i1.149.

[21] R. Reeb et al., “Participatory community action research in homeless shelters: Outcomes for shelter residents and service-learning research assistants,” Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, vol. 52, pp. 173–197, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1080/10852352.2024.2317671.

[22] S. A. Al-Buraiki, S. S. Al-Siyabi, and A. S. Alghafri, “Examining the Factors Behind Experimental Group Superiority in Quasi-Experimental Research: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of MA Theses,” International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1–19, 2025, doi: 10.26803/ijlter.24.9.1.

[23] S. M. Čisar, P. S. Molcer, and R. Pinter, “Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Irrigation System for Sustainable Agriculture,” Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.12700/aph.22.12.2025.12.20.

[24] C. Gu, “The (un)making and (re)making of Guangzhou’s ‘Little Africa’: Xiaobei’s linguistic and semiotic landscape explored,” Language Policy, vol. 24, pp. 51–84, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10993-024-09689-4.

[25] K. Komal, R. Joon, R. Juneja, H. Saluja, N. Nisha, and N. Nikhil, “Smart Irrigation System Using IoT for Precision Agriculture and Water Conservation,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.55041/ijsrem50738.