Who gets to speak in class? turn-taking, teacher authority, and student voice in Indonesian classroom interaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67490/ijled.v1i3.1050Keywords:
Classroom discourse, Student voice, Teacher authority, Turn allocation, Turn-takingAbstract
Background: Indonesian classroom participation is structured through turn allocation, teacher authority, and unequal opportunities for students to shape subsequent discourse. Objective: This study examines how speaking turns are initiated, allocated, sustained, and closed, how authority is enacted pragmatically, and when student contributions become consequential. Method: This qualitative corpus-assisted study analyzes eight primary Indonesian classroom studies, three secondary analytical sources, and two official contextual documents through conversation analysis, pragmatic coding, and a layered student-voice framework. Results: Teacher-mediated speaker selection appeared most consistently across primary sources, indicating that access to classroom talk commonly remained institutionally organized. Authority operated through questions, directives, evaluation, topic control, mitigation, and digital platform management, with both restrictive and facilitative functions. Student participation was most visible as invited response, whereas self-initiation, elaboration, peer uptake, multilingual expression, and influence on subsequent discourse were less consistently represented. Implication: Classroom inclusion depends not merely on increasing student talk but on redesigning interactional conditions so that contributions receive time, recognition, uptake, and discursive consequence. Novelty: This study integrates turn-taking, authority, and student voice within one sequential framework that distinguishes access, expression, uptake, and influence while preserving interactional episodes as a consistent unit of analysis across face-to-face and digitally mediated Indonesian classroom settings.
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